Effect of Different Row Spacing and Sowing Density on Selected Photosynthesis Indices, Yield, and Quality of White Lupine Seeds

The use of appropriate plant spacing in the canopy is an important and cost-free agrotechnical factor for increasing seed yield. Proper row sowing density are maintaining adequate light, ensuring good physiological processes, influencing nutritional status plants. As a consequence, this leads to better productivity while economic profitability. A four-year field experiment with white lupine was conducted 2016–2019 at Experimental Station Cultivation Assessment Przecław southeastern Poland. factors were different (15 30 cm) (60, 75, 90 pcs m−2). Row had no significant effect on yield obtained, number pods per plant, weight 1000 seeds lupine. There also experimental nodulation chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI, RC/R). wider (30 lowest (60 m−2) resulted highest content. For LAI index, value found 15 cm. However, lower unit area pod which associated conditions growth. It shown that greater competition between plants increased height first set without affecting their height.